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We analyzed turkey breast meat composition in dependence on the presence of proteins of meat and bone meal origin in the feed mixes used. Farmers involved in the research with comparable zoohygienic and technological conditions of poultry management were divided into two groups. The principal difference between the groups was in the feed mixes they used. Poultry in Group 1 was fed feed mixes containing a total of 7.2-9.5% of meat and bone meal, fish meal and poultry meal and of 3.4-36.8% of soybean according to the age category as the main source of protein. In Group 2 the nutritious portion of meat and bone meal-based protein was substituted with soybean meal. Feed mixes fed to turkeys in Group 2 contained 9.35-35.25% soybean meal depending on the age group. Between 2002 and 2003, turkey meat samples were collected at a turkey slaughterhouse. The samples were cooled to +4 degrees C and examined for meat binding characteristics, water content, and total fat. The remaining parts of samples were frozen and pooled. Then they were tested for their content of total protein, net muscle protein, collagen and 9 fatty acids (myristic, palmitic, stearic, palmitoleic, oleic, eicosanic, erucic, linoleic and linolenic). Evaluation of the results showed that the absence of meat and bone meal in feed mixes had no effect on the indicators important for technological properties of male turkey breast muscle (meat binding characteristics, water content, content of total protein, net muscle protein and collagen). The results of the study, however, also demonstrated a decrease in total lipids (p<0.05) and a change in the composition of fatty acids when meat and bone meal was replaced with soybean meal (Group 2). Also increased were the levels of palmitic, stearic and eicosanic fatty acids. The difference between eicosanic fatty acid levels was significant (p<0.05). In the same group of birds, the level of oleic acid also decreased (p<0.01). The change in total lipids and in the composition of fatty acids of male turkey breast muscle might be important with regards to human health (particularly cardiovascular and cancer diseases).
Slepickova, M. Vorlova, L.
Regional Veterinary Administration for Karlovy Vary Region, Czech Republic.
An in vitro study was conducted to compare gutta-percha obturation techniques of the developing incisors in dogs. Two perpendicular radiographic views were used for evaluation of apical and overall appearance of root canal obturation. Apical leakage technique was used to evaluate ability of each method to provide adequate apical obturation. The endodontic technique utilizing warm vertical condensation with chemically softened guttapercha in the apical region provided the best radiographic appearance without apical dye leakage. The same vertical obturation technique without the use of chemically softened gutta-percha in the apical region showed 33% dye leakage incidence. Lateral obturation techniques provided the least qualitative radiographic appearance to the endodontic fill and dye leakage incidence. Results of evaluation of quality of apical obturation of root canals based on X-ray examination and apical dye leakage resulted in the following conclusions: lateral obturation techniques used in this study have their limitations resulting from typical root canal anatomy; vertical obturation techniques showed better hermetic apical sealing, mainly in the case of vertical condensation of the chemically softened gutta-percha in the apical part of the root canal.
Capik, I. Stvrtina, S.
Clinic of Small Animal Surgery, Orthopaedics and Radiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenskeho 73, Kosice 040 01, Slovakia.
A short liposome exposure to ultrasonic waves with the intensity of I=2 W/cm2 at frequency f=1 MHz was found to be a sufficient tool for liposome opening. In addition, shock-wave proved to be sufficient also for liposome content release. Both methods are useful tools to be used as control mechanisms for drug delivery systems based on liposomes. However, due to better focusing and low non-thermal side effects, shock-waves probably have a markedly higher potential for successful use.
Mickova, A. Tomankova, K. Kolarova, H. Bajgar, R. Kolar, P. Sunka, P. Plencner, M. Jakubova, R. Benes, J. Kolacna, L. Planka, L. Necas, A. Amler, E.
Department of Biophysics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic.
This review briefly summarizes existing results and main trends in experimental studies dealing with the possibilities of the use of biomaterials and mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of diseases affecting tissues derived from the mesoderm, i.e. articular cartilage, meniscus, physis, bone, ligaments and tendons. The aim of these experimental studies is to find optimal forms of treatment of the diseases of individual parts of the musculoskeletal system using methods of tissue engineering with the use of stem cell transplantation.
Necas, A. Planka, L. Srnec, R. Rauser, P. Urbanova, L. Lorenzova, J. Crha, M. Jancar, J. Gal, P.
Department of Surgery and Orthopaedics, Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
After intervertebral disk surgery we often have to deal with various complications (seizures, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) ulcerations, cystitis, and surgical wound healing problems). These complications may lead to the death of the patient. We performed clinical and laboratory investigations in 161 dogs with an intervertebral disc disease. After that, we performed a cranial (n=31), caudal (n=125) or both (n=5) types of myelography at the same time, and surgery-ventral slot decompression (SLOT) (n=18) or hemilaminectomy (n=143). During the post-surgical period we observed seizures, GIT complications, cystitis, and surgical wound healing problems or even death of the patients. These complications appeared to be related to the lesion site, the degree of clinical signs and the type of surgical procedure. In our study we found a higher incidence of seizures after cranial myelography, higher incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) complications particularly in paraplegic dogs, and a higher risk of death in patients after the SLOT surgery. The occurrence of cystitis was not significant (p=0.5524, p=0.1655, respectively). We consider seizures, GI ulcerations, and death the most frequent complications after intervertebral disc surgery. Their incidence depends on the lesion site and the degree of neurologic symptoms.
Lexmaulova, L. Novotna, R. Rauser, P. Necas, A.
Department of Surgery and Orthopaedics, Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
Model experimental studies focused on the intestinal suture techniques in relation to healing, postoperative narrowing of the intestinal lumen or adhesion formation can not comprise a number of clinical factors (foreign body presence in the intestine, haematological abnormalities, septic peritonitis, different age of patients, etc.) that under clinical practice conditions may have an effect on the healing of the intestinal suture. The aim of this clinical study was to confirm in a group of dogs surgically treated for small bowel obstruction, whether different techniques of its wall suture may affect the frequency of possible dehiscence occurrence. This study compares two different techniques of intestinal wall suture in relation to postoperative dehiscence of the intestinal wall closure. Based on the clinical observation with regard to the risk of postoperative dehiscence and possible complications in form of adhesions, also the importance of omentalisation in the suture of small bowel was evaluated. No significant difference was demonstrated (p>0.05) in the frequency of postoperative dehiscence at the site of the intestinal wall closure between the two-layer inverting and single-layer appositional techniques of suture. Likewise, no significant difference was demonstrated (p>0.05) in the frequency of dehiscence of intestinal wall suture between patients that underwent intestinal suture omentalisation and those whose intestinal wall suture was not complemented with omentalisation. Based on the results of this clinical study it may be stated that both manual single-layer approximation technique and two-layer inverting technique of the intestinal wall suture are equally safe from the viewpoint of possible dehiscence, and it depends on the surgeon’s preference, which one of the said techniques he or she chooses. Concurrently it may be assumed that an exactly performed suture of the intestinal wall does not necessarily require omentalisation.
Crha, M. Lorenzova, J. Urbanova, L. Fichtel, T. Necas, A.
Department of Surgery and Orthopaedics, Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
A total of 52 dogs surgically treated for small bowel obstruction were evaluated for selected preoperative clinical and laboratory findings as possible risk factors in regard to postoperative mortality in these patients. Relative risk of postoperative mortality was established for the following preoperative findings and indicators: leukocytosis or leukopaenia, anaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, hypocalaemia, thrombocytopaenia and bacterial peritonitis. Of the selected preoperative factors, connection was demonstrated (p<0.05) with hypoalbuminaemia, anaemia, thrombocytopaenia and bacterial peritonitis. On the other hand, preoperative findings of hypocalaemia, leukopaenia or leukocytosis were not associated in the monitored group of patients with a higher risk of postoperative patient mortality. In clinical practice, preoperative assessment of the mentioned risk factors connected with a higher postoperative mortality rate could contribute to establishing a more accurate diagnosis in cases of the small bowel obstruction disease in dogs.
Crha, M. Lorenzova, J. Urbanova, L. Fichtel, T. Necas, A.
Department of Surgery and Orthopaedics, Small Animal Clinic Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
The study compares the effects of butorphanol in pigs undergoing joint surgery in tiletamine-zolazepam-ketamine-xylazine (TKX) anaesthesia. A total of 12 pigs were divided into 2 groups by 6 animals – BUT (anaesthetized with TKX combination and butorphanol) and CON (control group – anaesthetized with TKX combination only). All pigs were sedated with a mix of tiletamin-zolazepam-ketamin-xylazin, put into total anaesthesia using propofol, and connected to an anaesthesiology unit (O2-Air). For 40 min we logged the heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), haemoglobin saturation by oxygen (SpO2) and end-tidal CO2 concentration (ETCO2) values. Ten minutes after connecting to the devices, the pigs in the BUT group were intravenously administered butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) in the total volume of 2 ml, or physiological saline in the same volume. The pigs in the BUT group had a lower (p<0.05) HR in 5th, 10th and 25th min, and a lower RR in the 10th, 15th and 20th min. MAP, ETCO2 and SpO2 values did not differ substantially. Butorphanol can thus be identified as a suitable analgesic TKX supplement to anaesthesia of miniature pigs with minimum effect on vital functions.
Rauser, P. Lexmaulova, L. Srnec, R. Lorenzova, J. Kecova, H. Crha, M. Fichtel, T. Novotna, R. Dvorak, M. Necas, A.
Department of Surgery and Orthopaedics, Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1/3, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
A total of 10 clinically healthy green iguanas (5 males and 5 females, body weight ranging from 1 350 to 2 770 g) were given butorphanol by intramuscular injection following 24 h fasting. Inhalation anaesthesia was administered by mask (5% isoflurane with oxygen, 1.0 l/min), once reactions to external stimuli had decreased (15.45+or-1.54 min later). Tracheal intubation was performed as soon as the iguanas exhibited complete tolerance to mechanical stimuli. A second study was performed 4 weeks later using the same green iguanas with no pre-medication. Marked individual reactions to masking were observed during both experiments. Some iguanas exhibited breath holding which prolonged anaesthetic induction. Physical stimulation was used in these cases in order to stimulate spontaneous breathing. The mean anaesthetic induction time was similar in both groups of green iguanas (4.34+or-0.47 and 4.93+or-0.88 min). There was also a comparable interval from masking to safe tracheal intubation in both experimental groups (15.21+or-4.26 and 14.31+or-1.39 min). In view of the results, pre-medication with butorphanol cannot be considered an effective method of anaesthetic induction in green iguanas.
Trnkova, S. Knotkova, Z. Knotek, Z.
Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1-3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
The aim of the study was to test a possible extension of the period between vaccination and re-vaccination with the live Trichoben vaccine (Bioveta, a.s., Czech Republic). The calves (n=61) were vaccinated intramuscularly. The intervals between vaccination and re-vaccination were 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 or 28 days. Another group of calves (n=16) was vaccinated once with a double dose of the vaccine. The protective immunity against experimental infection with a virulent Trichophyton verrucosum CCM F-650 strain was investigated in animals one month after the last vaccination and compared with a group of non-vaccinated controls (n=16). Clinical results were evaluated and compared using balanced two-way-ANOVA. The level of post-vaccination immunity in cattle after re-vaccination was sufficient when the intervals were 5, 7, 10, 14 and 28 days. One-time injection of a double prophylactic dose of the vaccine and a 3-day interval between vaccinations reduced the immunity and vaccine efficacy to an unsatisfactory degree. There were significant differences between the groups of calves vaccinated using an interval longer than 5 days, and the group vaccinated once with a double dose, and the group with a 3-day interval between vaccinations. The level of post-vaccination immunity in cattle after re-vaccination at the commonly used interval of 10-14 days was identical with the immunity achieved when the interval was reduced to 5 or 7 days or extended up to 28 days. The extension of the interval between vaccinations to 5-28 days is recommended for using the Trichoben vaccine in veterinary practice.
Rybnikar, A. Oborilova, E. Hedbavny, R.
Bioveta, a.s., 683 23 Ivanovice na Hane, Czech Republic.