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ABSTRACT Aims To evaluate the association between impulsivity, age of first alcohol consumption (AFD) and substance use disorders (SUD) in a non-clinical sample of adolescents. Design and setting Population-based case-control study of male adolescents between 15 and 20 years of age nested in a community survey in southern Brazil. Participants Cases were drug or alcohol abusers/dependents defined according to DSM-IV abuse/dependence criteria (n = 63). Individuals who had experienced alcohol use but where non-abusers served as controls (n = 355). Cases and controls completed a structured face-to-face interview. Measurements The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was completed during the original survey and used to identify cases and controls. Impulsivity was measured by means of the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS 11). Self-reported AFD and socio-demographic data were collected and analyzed through logistic regression according to a hierarchical model. Findings Impulsivity and AFD were significantly associated with SUD. Both higher impulsivity [odds ratio (OR) 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-7.8] and earlier AFD (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.3) remained associated with SUD after model adjustments. Conclusions The findings from this population-based case-control study suggest that impulsivity and age of first alcoholic drink are associated strongly with alcohol and drug problems. Additionally, impulsivity seems to contribute to a premature exposure to alcohol by hastening the AFD. If the temporal effect of these associations is confirmed in longitudinal designs including broader population groups, our findings may contribute to the development of clinical and policy interventions aiming at reducing the incidence and morbidity associated with substance-related problems among adolescents.
von-Diemen,L Bassani,DG Fuchs,SC Szobot,CM Pechansky,F
Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Inclusion complexes between dexamethasone acetate (DMA), a poorly water soluble drug,; β-cyclodextrin (βCD) were obtained to improve the solubility; dissolution rate of this drug. Phase-solubility profile indicated that the solubility of DMA was significantly increased in the presence of βCD (33-fold); was classified as AL-type, indicating the 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complexes. Solid complexes prepared by different methods (kneading, coevaporation, freeze drying); physical mixture were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, infrared absorption; optical microscopy. Preparation methods influenced the physicochemical properties of the products. The dissolution profiles of solid complexes were determined; compared with those DMA alone; their physical mixture, in three different mediums: simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2), simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4); distilled water. The dissolution studies showed that in all mediums DMA presented an incomplete dissolution even in four hours. In contrast, the complexes formed presented a higher dissolution rate in simulated gastric fluid (SGF pH 1.2), which indicate that these have different ionization characteristics. According to the results, the freeze–dried; kneaded products exhibited higher dissolution rates than the drug alone, in all the mediums.
Mayara M. Doile1 Keila A. Fortunato1 Iára C. Schmücker1 Sacha K. Schucko1 Marcos A.S. Silva2 Patrik O. Rodrigues1Email:patrikoening@gmail.com
[1] Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade da Regio de Joinville, Bom Retiro, CEP 88040-900 Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil ;[2] Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
This study aimed at developing a topical formulation of lapachol, a compound isolated from various Bignoniaceae species; at evaluating its topical anti-inflammatory activity. The influence of the pharmaceutical form; different types of emulsifiers was evaluated by in-vitro release studies. The formulations showing the highest release rate were selected; assessed trough skin permeation; retention experiments. It was observed that the gel formulation provided significantly higher permeation; retained amount (3.9-fold) of lapachol as compared to the gel-cream formulation. Antinociceptive; antiedematogenic activities of the most promising formulation were also evaluated. Lapachol gel reduced the increase in hind-paw volume induced by carrageenan injection; reduced nociception produced by acetic acid (0.8% in water, i.p.) when used topically. These results suggest that topical delivery of lapachol from gel formulations may be an effective medication for both dermal; subdermal injuries.
Ana Amélia M. Lira1 Elizangela A. Sester1 André Luis M. Carvalho1 Ruth R. Strattmann2 Miracy M. Albuquerque2 Almir G. W erley3 Davi P. Santana1Email:d-santana@bol.com.br
[1] NUDFAC, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil ;[2] NCQMC, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil ;[3] Department of Physiology; Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil ;[4] Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco- UFPE, Av. Professor Arthur de Sá s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, 50740-520, Brazil